IATA (ICAO) Shipping by Air: The DG Journal Part 2 of 6, IATA Non Limited Quantity by Air Process

Welcome to the next installment of the DG Journal! This IATA (ICAO) Shipping by Air guide will walk you through the IATA non-limited quantity shipping guidelines step-by-step. This information is invaluable for when you are preparing your next dangerous goods shipment for air transport. This can be used as a reference point while on the job, or simply as a quick reminder document if it’s been a while since you trained with us. Here we will include crucial details further information you need to know about the shipping process to include; classification, identification, packing, marking, labeling, and documentation of your next DG air shipment. There are various regulatory compliance steps to consider with IATA (ICAO) Shipping by Air, but let’s explore the 17 core steps for air-shipping success.  (Please note: This guide is NOT meant to replace the regulations. Be sure to check regulatory references to determine if they affect your shipment.)

The 17 Key Steps in IATA (ICAO) Shipping by Air Process

1. Determine if the substance is CLASSIFIED as a dangerous good in transportation.  Most shippers will use section 14 on the material’s Safety Data Sheet (SDS). If the material is a dangerous good, the UN number and proper shipping name most likely will be found there.  It may also be provided in the company’s shipping system.

   1. If the information is not listed on an SDS, the hazard class/division must be determined by comparing the physical and chemical characteristics of the materials with the classification criteria found in IATA Section 3.
   2. If the information on the physical characteristics of the material is not available, testing must be performed to determine the hazard class(es).
   3. This section may also provide information about whether the material is a HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE.  Check 49 CFR 172.101 Appendix A to see if the material or its components are listed.  If the material is being shipped at a quantity equal or above the listed RQ, the material is a hazardous substance and must be identified as such on the package and shipping paper, shipper’s declaration for dangerous goods (IATA USG-04).

2. Check the List of Dangerous Goods (IATA 4.2, Column B) for the PROPER SHIPPING NAME listed in bold type.  This is the name used to identify the material on the package and the Shipper’s Declaration for Dangerous Goods.  If there is a “star” following the proper shipping name, the technical name must be shown in parenthesis with the proper shipping name (IATA 4.1.6).

   1. If only the UN number for the material is provided, use the Numerical “Cross-Reference” List of Dangerous Goods (IATA 4.3) to find the proper shipping name, then look up the proper shipping name in the List of Dangerous Goods.

3. Note the PRIMARY AND SUBSIDIARY HAZARD CLASSES/DIVISIONS (Column C) and PACKING GROUP (Column E) of the material.  If more than one packing group is listed, check the SDS to determine which packing group to apply or contact manufacturer if packing group is not listed.
4. Determine if the material is permitted to be transported on PASSENGER OR CARGO AIRCRAFT.
5. Look at Columns I through L.  If the word “FORBIDDEN” appears in the column for the desired mode, the material must not be shipped by that mode. If a material is forbidden for Passenger and Cargo Aircraft (Columns I and J), check Cargo Aircraft Only (Columns K and L).
6. If the material is not forbidden for transport by air, determine the PACKAGE LIMITS in Column J for passenger aircraft and Column L for Cargo Aircraft Only.
7. Note the PACKING INSTRUCTION number in Column I for passenger aircraft and Column K for Cargo Aircraft Only.
8. Read all SPECIAL PROVISIONS listed in Column M.  Special provisions are found in IATA 4.4.
9. Ensure the packaging complies with the general packing provisions and the specific provisions found in the packing instruction (IATA Section 5).
10. Check STATE AND OPERATOR VARIATIONS for any additional requirements or limitations.
11. Prepare the PACKAGING following the packing instruction and the manufacturer’s closure instructions.
12. MARK AND LABEL the package as required. (IATA List of Dangerous Goods and Section 7)
13. If preparing an OVERPACK, make sure to:
    1. Check Table 9.3.A for segregation requirements,
    2. Duplicate all labels and markings on the outside of the overpack,
    3. Mark the outside of the overpack with the OVERPACK marking, and
    4. Add the overpack identification mark if required with net or gross weight if required.
14. Complete the SHIPPER’S DECLARATION FOR DANGEROUS GOODS (IATA Section 8).
15. Provide appropriate EMERGENCY RESPONSE INFORMATION (IATA 8.1.6.11 and USG-12).
16. RECOMMENDED: Complete the ACCEPTANCE CHECKLIST to verify compliance and to catch any errors or omissions.
17. Offer PLACARDS to trucking company as required by 49 CFR 172 Subpart F.

Shipping Hazardous Materials by Air : The Challenges Involved

Shipping hazardous materials by air presents a distinct set of challenges and risks compared to shipments by other modes of transportation like ground or vessel. The regulation of this process is meticulously overseen by organizations like the International Air Transport Association (IATA) and the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), which implement stringent guidelines to ensure safety and compliance and enforced by the FAA.

Unique Risks Involved in Hazmat Shipping by Air

Increased Risk of Accidents in Transit: Air transport, due to its speed and high altitude operations, can present unique risks. Accidents in flight or during handling at airports can have more severe consequences than those occurring during ground or vessel transport. The potential for rapid and uncontrolled release of hazardous materials can be significant if an incident occurs.

Temperature and Pressure Variations: Aircraft operate at high altitudes where temperature and pressure conditions vary significantly from those at ground level. Many hazardous materials are sensitive to these environmental changes, which can lead to chemical reactions or degradation of the materials. Proper packaging and temperature control measures are crucial to mitigate these risks.

Rapid Response Requirements: In the event of an incident involving hazardous materials on an aircraft, the need for a rapid and effective response is critical. Unlike ground transport, where there might be more time and space available for intervention, emergencies in the air require immediate action to address and contain potential hazards.

The Risks Involved in Shipping Lithium Batteries by Air

Lithium batteries are frequently shipped by air due to the global demand for electronic devices. Their safe transport is essential to meet the needs of consumers and businesses, but it comes with specific challenges.

Thermal Runaway: Lithium batteries are susceptible to a phenomenon known as thermal runaway, where an increase in temperature can lead to a self-perpetuating reaction causing the battery to overheat, catch fire, or even explode. This risk is heightened in an air cargo environment, where conditions can lead to battery malfunctions or damage.

Fire Hazards: In-flight fires caused by lithium batteries can be particularly dangerous due to the confined space and high altitude of the aircraft. Such fires can be difficult to extinguish and can pose severe risks to the safety of the flight and its passengers.

Packaging and Handling Challenges: Improperly packaged or damaged lithium batteries can short-circuit, leading to dangerous chemical reactions. The need for robust packaging and careful handling is critical to prevent accidents during transit.

Given the complexities and potential dangers associated with lithium batteries, hazmat personnel must receive specialized training to comply with IATA regulations and manage these risks effectively. With regular Lithium batteries training, employees can be well-versed in:

Regulatory Compliance: Understanding IATA’s international regulations, and how to apply them correctly for different types of lithium batteries.

Proper Packaging and Handling: Techniques for safely packaging lithium batteries to prevent incidents and ensuring that handling practices adhere to safety protocols.

Emergency Response: Procedures for responding to incidents involving lithium batteries, including fire suppression techniques and evacuation protocols.

IATA (ICAO) Hazmat Training Courses from Hazmat University

Hazmat University offers comprehensive online training courses to provide initial as well as recurrent training for those involved in the shipping, handling, or transport of dangerous goods by air. Our 2024 IATA (ICAO) hazmat online training courses are based on the regulations outlined in Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations (49 CFR), IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR), and ICAO Technical Instructions.

Our online hazmat training courses are accessible anytime, anywhere. Enjoy the flexibility of studying at your own pace – without any unrealistic deadlines or strict completion dates. Our dynamic learning platform features an engaging and user-friendly interface. Our courses include interactive elements, advanced graphics, and self-guided knowledge checks to make the learning process easier and enjoyable.

We update our courses regularly to make sure your training adheres to the latest regulatory standards and requirements for air transport of hazardous materials. Upon completing your course, you can get a certificate of completion instantly.

Learn More with Hazmat University

In the world of Dangerous Goods Shipping, compliance is a primary concern. If you feel intimidated at first- don’t be! Our team of veteran Dangerous Goods Shipping professionals are here to guide you in our easy-to-access series of hazmat training courses. Consider IATA Shipping by Air Online Hazmat Training with us today, and get ready to be competent, be confident, and be compliant. Contact us today to get started.

Originally Posted: November 11, 2021 | Updated: October 2, 2024