Welcome to this week’s installment of the DG Journal! Today we will explore the 14 essential steps in the IMDG (IMO) Shipping by Vessel process. This shipping by vessel/ocean guide will walk you through the IMDG non-limited quantity shipping guidelines step-by-step. This information is invaluable for when you are preparing your next dangerous goods shipment for ocean transport. This can be used as a reference point while on the job, or simply as a quick reminder document if it’s been a while since you trained with us. We will break down crucial details you need to know about the shipping process to include; classification, identification, packing, marking, labeling, and documentation of your next DG ocean shipment. While this guide is full of valuable information to correctly prepare dangerous goods shipments for ocean transport, it is NOT meant to replace the regulations. We always recommend that you check official regulatory references to see if they affect your shipment.
The 14 Essential Steps in the IMDG (IMO) Shipping by Vessel Process
- Determine if the substance is CLASSIFIED as a dangerous good in transportation. Most shippers will use section 14 on the material’s Safety Data Sheet (SDS). If the material is a dangerous good, the UN number and proper shipping name most likely will be found there. It may also be provided in the manufactures website or company’s shipping system.
- If the information is not listed on an SDS or in the shipping system, the hazard class/division must be determined by comparing the physical characteristics of the materials with the classification criteria found in IMDG Part 2.
- If the information on the physical characteristics of the material is not available, testing must be performed to determine the hazard class(es).
- This section may also provide information about whether the material is a HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE. Check 49 CFR 172.101 Appendix A to see if the material or its components are listed. If the material is being shipped at a quantity equal or above the listed RQ, the material is a hazardous substance and must be identified as such on the package and shipping document. It may also be identified as a Marine Pollutant (MP).
- Check the Dangerous Goods List (IMDG 3.2 Columns 1 and 2) for the UN NUMBER and PROPER SHIPPING NAME listed in all caps. This is the name used to identify the material on the package when required and the dangerous goods documentation (transport document). If special provision 274 or 318 is listed in Column 6, the technical name must be shown in parenthesis in association with the proper shipping name.
- The Dangerous Goods List in the IMDG Code is sorted by UN Number. If the UN number is not provided, look up the proper shipping name in the index at the end of Volume 2, then look up the UN number in the Dangerous Goods List.
- Note the PRIMARY AND SUBSIDIARY HAZARD CLASSES/DIVISIONS (Columns 3 and 4) and PACKING GROUP (Column 5) of the material. If more than one packing group is listed, check the SDS to determine which packing group to apply.
- Determine if the material is FORBIDDEN from transported by ocean. (IMDG 1.1.3)
- Determine if the material is a MARINE POLLUTANT by checking Column 4 (“P”), IMDG Chapter 2.10, and the List of Marine Pollutants 49 CFR 172.101 Appendix B. If the material is a marine pollutant, it must be identified as such on the package and shipping document.
- Note the PACKING INSTRUCTION number in Column 8 and special packing provisions in Column 9.
- Read all SPECIAL PROVISIONS listed in Column 6. Special provisions are found in IMDG 3.3.
- Ensure the packaging complies with the general packing provisions and the specific provisions found in the packing instruction (IMDG Chapter 4.1).
- Prepare the PACKAGING following the packing instruction and the manufacturer’s closure instructions.
- MARK AND LABEL the package as required. (IMDG Chapter 5.2)
- If preparing an OVERPACK, make sure to:
- Check Table 7.2.4 for segregation requirements,
- Duplicate all labels and markings on the outside of the overpack,
- Mark the outside of the overpack with the OVERPACK marking if required.
- If shipping more than one hazard class and sub-hazard within container transport unit, verify segregation requirements as per Table 7.2.4.
- Complete the DANGEROUS GOODS DOCUMENTATION. (IMDG Chapter 5.4)
- Provide appropriate EMERGENCY RESPONSE INFORMATION. (49 CFR 171.22(g)(1))
- Offer PLACARDS to carrier as required by IMDG Chapter 5.3 and/or 49 CFR 172 Subpart F.
The Risks Associated with Shipping Hazardous Materials by Vessel
Shipping hazardous materials by vessel presents distinct challenges and risks that stem from the unique environment of the maritime domain and the complexities involved in managing large-scale cargo environments. These include:
Environmental Exposure
Vessels traverse diverse and often harsh maritime environments, exposing hazardous materials to extreme weather conditions such as high winds, rough seas, and varying temperatures. These conditions can impact the stability safe transportation of the cargo and the integrity of containment measures. The possibility of leaks or spills can be extremely high if the containers of hazardous materials are not properly secured and protected against environmental factors.
Extended Transit Times
Compared to ground and air transportation, ocean voyages typically involve longer transit times. This extended duration heightens the risk of cargo degradation or reaction, particularly for materials sensitive to prolonged exposure. The longer a hazardous material is in transit, the greater the chance that something could go wrong, whether due to delays, mechanical failures prevent pollution, or unforeseen events.
Cargo Handling and Stowage
Proper stowage and handling of hazardous materials on vessels is critical to ensuring safety. The confined space of cargo holds and the dynamic nature of sea travel necessitate rigorous adherence to stowage regulations applicable rules and safety protocols. Improper handling or stowage can lead to dangerous situations, such as chemical reactions or fires, which are compounded by the confined space and limited access on board.
Threat to Marine Ecosystems
Shipping hazardous materials by vessel poses significant risks of marine pollution, contamination, and degradation. Spills or leaks can lead to toxic substances entering the ocean, harming marine life and ecosystems. The potential for long-term environmental damage is exacerbated by the vast and often remote nature of maritime routes.
Complex Emergency Response
In the event of an incident involving hazardous materials at sea, the response and mitigation efforts are inherently more complex. Unlike ground transportation where immediate access to emergency services is possible, maritime incidents may require specialized response teams and equipment, which can take time to mobilize. This delay can exacerbate the impact of any spill or release, making containment and clean-up more challenging.
Importance of Lithium Batteries Training for IMDG (IMO) Shipping by Vessel
Shipping lithium batteries by vessel presents unique risks for hazmat employees, including the potential for thermal runaway, fire hazards, and environmental impacts. The confined space of cargo holds and the extended duration of maritime transport heighten these risks, making it crucial to address them proactively. Proper training in handling lithium batteries is essential for hazmat personnel to manage these risks effectively.
Lithium batteries can overheat, catch fire, or even explode if not handled correctly, particularly during prolonged exposure to adverse conditions at sea. Lithium batteries training ensures that personnel understand the specific hazards associated with these batteries, including correct packaging, labeling, and stowage and loading practices.
By educating hazmat staff on the latest regulations and safety protocols for ships, training helps prevent accidents and ensures compliance with international standards. It also prepares personnel to handle dangerous goods and respond effectively in emergencies, such as fires or leaks, which are more complex to manage on a vessel.
Hazmat University’s IMDG Shipping by Vessel Training Courses
Hazmat University offers comprehensive IMDG certification online hazmat training courses that meet the regulatory requirements for shipping and the safe transport of dangerous goods by vessel. Our online hazmat training courses cover all the essential aspects such as classification, identification, documentation, packing, marking, labeling, placarding, segregation, safety, and security of hazardous materials.
Designed to fulfill both initial and recurrent training needs, our hazmat online training courses make it easier for you to get or maintain your IMDG certification with immediate proof of course completion. With our online courses, you can learn at your own pace, at any time you want, from anywhere.
Our online hazmat training courses adhere to the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code and comply with Title 49 of the US Code of Federal Regulations, providing participants with the knowledge and credentials necessary to handle, ship, and transport dangerous goods safely and efficiently. Our courses can help ensure compliance and minimize the risks associated with maritime transport of hazardous materials.
Originally Posted: November 16, 2021 | Updated: October 23, 2024
